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Smile писал(а):Положение, оказывается, гораздо хуже, чем мы все полагали.
Буш вчера чётко обрисовал причины случившегося. Мне, конечно, трудно судить о правильности предпринятых действий, но, судя по всему, другого выхода у государства просто не было. Теперь дело только в том, насколько рациональна цифра в 700 миллиАРДов, которое государство решило вбухать в разваливающуюся банковскую систему.
Маккейн даже решил временно заморозить свою предвыборную кампанию и отказаться от завтрашних теледебатов с Обамой, чтобы вернуться к своим сенаторским обязанностям в Конгрессе. Настолько всё серьёзно. Сегодня и Маккейн и Обама встречаются в Белом Доме с Президентом, а вчера Министр Финансов и Председатель Федерального Резервного Банка отчитывались перед Конгрессом о причинах, по которым они предприняли эти меры...
В общем, настали весёлые времена...
Специалисты говорят, что со времён Великой Депрессии в Америке не было так фигово с банковской системой...
http://blogs.usatoday.com/ondeadline/20 ... ll-te.html
http://www.mignews.co.il/news/economics ... 10418.html
Краткий перевод дан в цитате.
Предлагаю здесь обсудить чисто экономические аспекты, насколько спич-райтер Буша правильно описал причины кризиса и насколько программа по борьбе с ним адекватна.
Financial assets related to home mortgages have lost value during the house decline, and the banks holding these assets have restricted credit. As a result, our entire economy is in danger.
So I propose that the federal government reduce the risk posed by these troubled assets and supply urgently needed money so banks and other financial institutions can avoid collapse and resume lending.
This rescue effort is not aimed at preserving any individual company or industry. It is aimed at preserving America's overall economy.
It will help American consumers and businesses get credit to meet their daily needs and create jobs. And it will help send a signal to markets around the world that America's financial system is back on track.
This large influx of money to U.S. banks and financial institutions, along with low interest rates, made it easier for Americans to get credit. These developments allowed more families to borrow money for cars, and homes, and college tuition, some for the first time. They allowed more entrepreneurs to get loans to start new businesses and create jobs.
Unfortunately, there were also some serious negative consequences, particularly in the housing market. Easy credit, combined with the faulty assumption that home values would continue to rise, led to excesses and bad decisions.
Many mortgage lenders approved loans for borrowers without carefully examining their ability to pay. Many borrowers took out loans larger than they could afford, assuming that they could sell or refinance their homes at a higher price later on.
Optimism about housing values also led to a boom in home construction. Eventually, the number of new houses exceeded the number of people willing to buy them. And with supply exceeding demand, housing prices fell, and this created a problem.
Borrowers with adjustable-rate mortgages, who had been planning to sell or refinance their homes at a higher price, were stuck with homes worth less than expected, along with mortgage payments they could not afford.
As a result, many mortgage-holders began to default. These widespread defaults had effects far beyond the housing market.
See, in today's mortgage industry, home loans are often packaged together and converted into financial products called mortgage-backed securities. These securities were sold to investors around the world.
Many investors assumed these securities were trustworthy and asked few questions about their actual value. Two of the leading purchasers of mortgage-backed securities were Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
Because these companies were chartered by Congress, many believed they were guaranteed by the federal government. This allowed them to borrow enormous sums of money, fuel the market for questionable investments, and put our financial system at risk.
The decline in the housing market set off a domino effect across our economy. When home values declined, borrowers defaulted on their mortgages, and investors holding mortgage-backed securities began to incur serious losses.
...banks found themselves in severe financial trouble. These banks began holding on to their money, and lending dried up, and the gears of the American financial system began grinding to a halt.
Ключевой момент, который показывает насколько всё сейчас плохо:
I'm a strong believer in free enterprise, so my natural instinct is to oppose government intervention. I believe companies that make bad decisions should be allowed to go out of business.
Under normal circumstances, I would have followed this course. But these are not normal circumstances. The market is not functioning properly. There has been a widespread loss of confidence, and major sectors of America's financial system are at risk of shutting down.
There is a spirit of cooperation between Democrats and Republicans and between Congress and this administration. In that spirit, I've invited Senators McCain and Obama to join congressional leaders of both parties at the White House tomorrow to help speed our discussions toward a bipartisan bill.
Отсюда начинается описание плана спасения, я его предам в очень сжатой форме:
After much discussion, there's now widespread agreement on the principles such a plan would include.
It would remove the risk posed by the troubled assets, including mortgage-backed securities, now clogging the financial system. This would free banks to resume the flow of credit to American families and businesses.
Извиняюсь за обильное цитирование, но больше мне его сократить без потери смысла не удалось. Хотелось бы узнать, что здесь не так или всё нормально, причина кризиса установлена, путь действия выбран правильно и вскоре, через пару месяцев, всё будет хорошо?
